Which of the following results is NOT indicative of increased risk for diabetes mellitus in a middle-aged adult?

The result indicating a 1-hour post-prandial glucose of 98 mg/dL (5.44 mmol/L) is not indicative of increased risk for diabetes mellitus in a middle-aged adult because it falls well within the normal range for glucose levels after eating. Generally, a 1-hour post-prandial blood glucose level under 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is considered normal, suggesting that the body's insulin response and glucose metabolism are functioning effectively following a meal.

In contrast, the other options present results that align with prediabetes or diabetes risk. A fasting glucose of 109 mg/dL indicates that the individual has elevated fasting glucose levels, which can signal insulin resistance or a transition toward diabetes. A hemoglobin A1C of 5.9% reflects a level that is commonly associated with prediabetes, as levels between 5.7% and 6.4% suggest an increased risk. Similarly, a 2-hour post-prandial glucose of 152 mg/dL indicates that the blood sugar level is above the threshold typically considered normal after a meal, further emphasizing the risk of diabetes.

Therefore, the result of 98 mg/dL after one hour is the only value that